Climate-resilient and sustainable healthcare waste management systems in South Asia

Between 2022 and 2025, UNDP and the governments of Bangladesh, Bhutan, and the Maldives, with support from Japan, implemented a multi-country initiative to strengthen healthcare waste management (HCWM) systems and close critical infrastructure and capacity gaps. The project deployed 146 energy-efficient autoclaves and waste treatment units, constructed 18 purpose-built facilities, and distributed electric vehicles to 65 health centers. Over 1,100 health workers - 60% of them women - were trained in safe, climate-sensitive HCWM. Digital waste tracking systems were integrated into national platforms, ensuring transparent monitoring. The initiative advanced gender-responsive, sustainable, and climate-resilient HCWM systems across South Asia. 

The success of the intervention was driven by a combination of strong political commitment, collaborative partnerships, and contextual adaptation. Governments in all three countries ensured alignment with national climate and health priorities. For example, Bhutan integrated HCWM within its national health strategy, while Bangladesh embedded the indicators into its broader public health framework. Cross-sectoral collaboration between local governments, waste managers, and healthcare providers enabled locally appropriate solutions, such as energy-efficient autoclaves, purpose-built facilities and renewable-powered transport. A defining feature of the intervention was ensuring that benefits reached frontline workers and underserved communities alike. Finally, the integration of digital systems, including Bhutan’s real-time waste tracking module, enhanced monitoring, efficiency and accountability, reinforcing long-term sustainability.